Tuesday, January 31, 2012

Tuesday 31 January Public Relations day 2

It is important that every member of your group be thoroughly familiar with organization you have chosen. Hence:

Due at the end of class from each member of your group: 200 words that explain the history of your organization, its purpose / objectives and why this is an organization you care to support.

Take a bit of time to do some research, if you have not yet done so. Please post these or send them along.

Sunday, January 29, 2012

Monday January 30 Public Relations Project


Journalism
Public Relations Project
Take your time to read the following, before asking questions.
What is key today is to put together your group and give me the name of your organization. There should be no duplicates within a class. Post your group and selection on the blog.

What is Public Relations? It seems difficult to believe at the dawn of the 21st century, that there exists a major discipline with so many diverse, partial, incomplete and limited interpretations of its mission. Here is just a sampling of professional opinion on what public relations is all about:

1. talking to the media on behalf of a client.
2. selling a product, service or idea.
3. reputation management.
4. engineering of perception
5. attracting credit to an organization for doing good.
6. limiting the downside when it goes bad.

By definition, public relations is the art and science of establishing relationships between an organization and its key audiences. Public relations plays a key role in helping business industries create strong relationships with customers.There are different types of public relations; some companies call it investor relations and yet others will call it financial public relations, but what companies do not realize is the fact that public relations is an extremely essential and integral marketing tool.

Essentially, the general idea of public relations is advertising, branding and marketing. Anything that involves the media is the responsibility of the public relations officer. He encourages magazines, newspapers, radio and TV to print or air good things about the services and the products. This promotion will reach their targeted customers; therefore generating an increase in sales and patronage.

People act on their perception of the facts; those perceptions lead to certain behaviors; and something can be done about those perceptions and behaviors that leads to achieving an organization’s objectives.

That leads us directly to the core strength of public relations.

When public relations create, change or reinforce the general opinion by reaching, persuading and moving-to-desired-action those people whose behaviors affect the organization, the public relations mission is accomplished.


Public Relations, Marketing and Advertising ?
You will often find that many people confuse public relations with marketing and/or advertising or vice versa. The most apparent reason for this is that the clear-cut distinctions are disappearing as each strategy’s different awareness building efforts become more and more integrated. While all those components are important, they are very different.
Please take a look at the image at the top to note the differences.

Project Mechanics- Presentations are Friday 10 February. Details to follow. In groups of 2 or 3, or singly, if you prefer- but see me for some adjustments-  you will  produce a public relations package for a non-profit organization of local or national importance (ex. SADD). Your group is responsible for the following:

1. Two Public Service Announcements: 30 seconds and one minute. One of these must be in script format. Samples can be found on Wednesday 1 February's blog.

2. A press release publicizing a related event Samples on Wednesday's blog

3. Two of the following: posters, brochures, t-shirt or print ads or something else imaginative.

4. A detailed event budget, including advertising fees


5. List of contacts for the events


Today: I need the names of the people in your group and the organization for which you are putting together your project. (you will be writing about your organization tomorrow; so make sure you have read up on it.)
Please familiarize yourself with the content overview and requirements.
There will be more directions tomorrow.
Below is a list of non-profits. It is by no means all-inclusive; so if you have something else in mind, let me know; otherwise, choose from the list.
Advocacy Groups for Human Rights and Civil Liberties•American Civil Liberties Union
•Americans United for Separation of Church and State
•Amnesty International
•Anti-Defamation League
•Association on American Indian Affairs
•B'nai B'rith International
•Children's Defense Fund
•Coalition to Stop Gun Violence
•The Carter Center
•Center for Constitutional Rights
•Committee for Missing Children
•Doctors of the World
•Human Rights Watch
•NAACP
Animal RightsBecome an ASPCA Volunteer •African Wildlife Foundation
•American Humane Association
•American Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
•Animal Legal Defense Fund
•Animal Welfare Institute
•Associated Humane Societies
•Best Friends Animal Society
•Born Free United with Animal Protection Institute
•Defenders of Wildlife
•Doris Day Animal League
•D.E.L.T.A. Rescue
•Delta Society
•The Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee
•Farm Sanctuary
•Humane Farming Association
•Marine Mammal Center
•National Audobon Society
Land Conservation and the Environment•American Farmland Trust
•American Forests
•American Rivers
•Center for Biological Diversity
•Chesapeake Bay Foundation
•Cousteau Society
•Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International
•Earth Island Institute
•Earth Justice
•Environmental Defense Fund
•Farm Aid
•Greenpeace
•Keep America Beautiful
•National Parks Foundation
•Ocean Conservancy
•Wildlife Conservation Society
General Emergency Relief•American Jewish World Services
•American Red Cross
•See Also: Red Cross USA, Facts About American Red Cross, and Red Cross History
•Fire Fighters' Charity
Refugees•American Near East Refugee Aid
•American Refugee Committee
Medical Assistance
•Americares
•Catholic Medical Missions Board
•Direct Relief International
•Doctors without Borders
•International Medical Corps
•Medical Teams International
•Operation Smile
Education, Research and Cultural Preservation Groups•Africa America Institute
•AFS USA
•American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
•American Indian College Fund
•Asia Society
•Education Fund to Stop Gun Violence
•Hispanic Scholarship Fund
•Scholarship America
Health: Research, and Education•American Stroke Association
•Arthritis Research Institute
•Avon Foundation
•City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute
•Epilepsy Foundation and Research
•AIDS Research Alliance
•ALS Association
•American Diabetes Association
•Autism Speaks
•Deafness Research Foundation
•Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
•Lupus Research Institute
•National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
•First Candle
Support for Chronic Illnesses and Diseases•Alzheimer's Association
•Kidney Fund
•American Leprosy Mission
•American Liver Foundation
•American Lung Association
•American Parkinson's Disease Association
•Arthritis Foundation
•Bailey House
•Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
•Easter Seals
•Huntington's Disease Society of America
•Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
•National Association for the Terminally Ill
Cancer Support and Research•American Cancer Society
•Cancer Care
•Cancer Center for Protection and Prevention
•Cancer Federation
•Cancer Fund of America
•Cancer Recovery Foundation
•Cancer Research Institute
•St Jude's Children's Research Hospital
•American Breast Cancer Foundation
•Childhood Leukemia Foundation
•National Children's Cancer Society
•Children's Cancer Research Institute
•Jimmy Fund
•Lance Armstrong Foundation
Support for Physical and Cognitive Disabilities
•American Action Fund for Blind Children and Adults
•American Association of the Deaf-Blind
•American Foundation for Disabled Children
•Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
•Guide Dogs of America
•Heritage for the Blind

List of Nonprofit Organizations That Deal with PovertyCatholic Charities
•Catholic Relief Services
•Christian Appalachia Project
•Christian Relief Services
•Coalition for the Homeless
•Lutheran World Relief
Feeding the Hungry
•Action Against Hunger
•Africare
•Bread for the World
•Care
•City Harvest
•Feed My People
•Food Bank for New York City
Promoting Self Sufficiency •Accion International
•National Relief Charities
•Bowery Residents' Committee
•Brother's Brother Foundation
•Center for Community Change
•FINCA International
•Food for the Hungry
•Habitat for Humanity
•Heifer Project International
Impoverished Children
•World Villages for Children
•Children International
•Christian Children's Fund
•Compassion International
•Covenant House
Sanctity of Life
•American Life League
Senior Citizens
•AARP Foundation
•American Health Assistance Foundation
•Seniors' Coalition
Supporting Military and Veterans
•Adopt a Platoon
•Air Force Aid Society
•Armed Forces Aid Campaign
•Armed Services YMCA
•Army Emergency Relief
•Blinded Veterans Assocation
•Paralyzed Veterans of America
Supporting Fire Fighters and Police
•American Association of State Troopers
•American Federation of Police and Concerned Citizens
•Association for Firefighters and Paramedics
•Law Enforcement Legal Defense Fund
Watchdog Groups•Accuracy in Media
•Citizens Against Government Waste
•Common Cause
•Judicial Watch
•Media Research
Children and Youth
Donate Toys to Needy •Big Brothers Big Sisters of America
•Boy Scouts of America
•Boys and Girls Club of America
•Campfire USA
•Cedars Homes for Children
•Child Find of America
•Child Welfare League of America
•Girl Scouts
•Junior Achievement
•National 4-H Council
•SADD
Women•Catalyst
•Family Care International
•Global Fund for Women
•International Planned Parenthood
•League of Women Voters
•National Organization for Women



Friday, January 20, 2012

Friday 20 January blog 4 responses to classmates




MIDTERM: Monday in class. Be on time! This is 25% of the marking period's grade.




We are finishing up this unit on blogging. Please respond to your classmate's today. As usual, make sure I have your classmate responses by 9 am Saturday, when our grades will close for the marking period.

Thursday, January 19, 2012

Thursday 19 January 4th / last blog






Midterm: Monday in class






Below is the last article to which you will respond. Make sure you post by 9am Friday, in order to get credit for your work.








At Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, on October 3rd, classmates remember Tyler Clementi.

The following is by Jason Fulford for TIME Magazine

Bullies can be anywhere, but there's no place they show up more than in schools, and no time more than in September. Once the academic year starts, the complicated social hierarchy of a campus — popular kids, nerdy kids, ADHD kids, nerdy ADHD kids who are popular because they sell Adderall — gets reinvented. But this fall the casual brutality of the schoolyard seems particularly bitter. In the past few weeks, at least three teenage boys — one in Houston, one in Greensburg, Ind., and one in a small central California city called Tehachapi — have committed suicide after being bullied. And, on Sept. 22, a freshman at Rutgers University, Tyler Clementi, threw himself from the George Washington Bridge in New York City. His roommate had secretly recorded a video of Clementi kissing a guy; the video went up on YouTube. On Facebook, Clementi offered a final status update: "jumping off gw bridge sorry."










All four communities have been torn over whether they could have done more to protect their sons. On Oct. 1, 600 people crammed the First Baptist Church in Tehachapi to remember Seth Walsh, a 13-year-old who liked Pokémon, dance music and reading the Bible — and who had (somewhat reluctantly) acknowledged to understanding family members and friends that he liked other boys. Seth had been teased relentlessly; it started when he was in fourth grade, according to his grandmother Judy Walsh. "By sixth grade, kids were starting to get mean," she says. "By seventh grade, he was afraid to walk home from school."




Seth hanged himself in his backyard on Sept. 19. His mother Wendy, a 44-year-old beautician, found his body. Seth was unable to extend her the mercy of dying quickly: a helicopter came, and he was on life support for nine days.




The four cases tumbled onto one another so quickly that they caught school officials across the country off guard. The education system has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in antibullying campaigns in the past decade. At least 42 states have passed laws against bullying — most since the 1999 massacre at Columbine High School in Colorado, where two troubled boys killed themselves and 13 others. The U.S. Department of Education opened its Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools in 2002, and just last month Secretary of Education Arne Duncan hosted a Bullying Prevention Summit in Washington, where he noted that, even in this economic climate, President Obama had asked for a 12% increase in funding for antibullying programs.




The trouble is, the technology of bullying has advanced much faster than efforts to stop it ever could. If you have a cell phone, you can post to your entire school that a girl is a slut or a boy is a fag — and you can attach an unflattering photo or video of them to try to prove it. At least bullies of previous decades had to hold you down before they could spit in your face.




Researchers have a hard time measuring how common bullying is because there's no single definition. Is bullying only verbal, or does there have to be a physical act? If you hear a schoolyard taunt that you know how to brush off, were you bullied or just annoyed? Does it have to be repeated behavior to count as bullying, or can it happen just once? Does it have to disrupt a whole class, or can it affect only one or two kids? None of this is clear to those who study and make laws to prevent bullying. Most state laws differ on the precise motivations and consequences required for a harassing event to count as bullying. If one 12-year-old boy taunts another, most state laws wouldn't call it bullying unless there is both demonstrable harm — the victim is injured (at least psychologically) — and demonstrable intent. In other words, for a bully to be a bully, he can't have just been any insensitive kid. He had to want to hurt his classmate.

Wednesday, January 18, 2012

Wednesday January 18 Blog 3 responses to peers






Midterm: next Monday in class. Remember this is 25% of the marking period's grade.








In class today: please respond to your classmates' reflections on yesterday's blog. Make sure to begin by identifying who you are and to whom you are responding.

No credit will be given for anything received after Thursday 9am.




Sunday, January 15, 2012

Tuesday 16 January Blog 3

Midterm exam- next Monday 23 January in class.

contents: Twenty-five news grammar and crime words.

In class: Blog 3. Please respond to the following that appeared in Friday's Huffington Post. As before, your post should be 200 words. No credit will be given for any response after 9 am on Wednesday.















Author and Security Expert Anthony Amore

NO MIRACLE
How Tim Tebow Proves God Is Wicked or Incompetent... or Both




Posted: 1/13/12 12:28 PM ET



I just read a poll that said 43% of Americans believe that god helps Tim Tebow win.
I'm not joking. That's an actual poll as reported
here.
This might sound like no big deal. After all, it's only football.
But that's exactly what makes it a big deal. Nearly half of all Americans think that there is a supreme being, an all-knowing, all-powerful creator, who actually takes an interest in the National Football League. This has wide-ranging ramifications, such as:
1. These people believe that the same god who helps the Denver Broncos does so while tens of thousands of innocent children die an agonizing death from preventable diseases every single day. So, that means that they pray to, worship, and even love a god who helps millionaires throw and catch footballs at the expense of poor, dying children. That's obscene. No, wait, it's OBSCENE. Some things deserve bold caps.
2. It also means that they believe football is so important to the world that the supreme being has a vested interest in influencing the games while standing with arms folded watching all of the other horrors of this world. If god can be deemed a football fan, then he must also be a fan of child rape, murder, genocide, and starvation, to name a few.
3. Further, these 43% have to also believe that Tim Tebow did something to upset god during the last three weeks of the regular season, when Denver lost three straight games.
4. If they don't believe that Tebow did something wrong those last three weeks, then they must believe that the Christian god isn't powerful enough to influence something as trivial as football game.
5. Finally, if Tebow loses against Brady, who isn't as fervent a believer as Tebow (or at least he doesn't make a show of it), those 43% must admit that public displays of faith (ie, "Tebowing") are NOT god's preferred method of worship.
All this aside, I think that believing that there's an invisible man in the sky who helps a quarterback win football games is rooted in either idiocy or wickedness, or some combination of the two. For, as Sam Harris so ably and often points out, he would have to be either sadistic or incompetent to act in such a way. And that can't be argued, at least not by these 43%.

Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Friday 13 January Blog two responses to classmates




Midterm Monday 23 January in class. No make-up without a doctor's note. This is 25% of the marking period's grade.






In class: please respond to two of any of the blog posts as relating to yesterday's article. You will read from yesterday's blog, but post on today's. Due by 9am Saturday for periods 7 and 9.



If you were in third period yesterday, and so at the assembly, please make sure to check yesterday's blog. You need to have both your blog and two responses in by 9 am Monday.


Reminder: there is no credit for blogs received after the deadline.




There will be a new article Tuesday morning.

Thursday 12 January 2nd blog post

News Grammar 2 due tomorrow; if you are absent, make sure you get the correct resposes. Midterm test: Monday 23 January in class. There is no make-up without a doctor's note. This is 25% of the marking period's grade.


Note: if you are reading this before 9 am Thursday with the intention of posting your two responses for "There will be no Justice", please post your responses on Wednesday's blog.


Blog #2: please read the following article and post your reaction. Make sure to identify yourself clearly. Two-hundred-word minimum.

Period three is in an assembly today. You may work on this in class on Friday, but you'll have to write two responses to your classmates over the weekend. THIS ASSIGNMENT WILL CLOSE ON TUESDAY MORNING NY 9:45. Posts are timed stamped.
The US Schools with their own Police
More and more US schools have police patrolling the corridors. Pupils are being arrested for throwing paper planes and failing to pick up crumbs from the canteen floor. Why is the state criminalising normal childhood behaviour?
by Chris McGreal

The charge on the police docket was "disrupting class". But that's not how 12-year-old Sarah Bustamantes saw her arrest for spraying two bursts of perfume on her neck in class because other children were bullying her with taunts of "you smell".

"I'm weird. Other kids don't like me," said Sarah, who has been diagnosed with attention-deficit and bipolar disorders and who is conscious of being overweight. "They were saying a lot of rude things to me. Just picking on me. So I sprayed myself with perfume. Then they said: 'Put that away, that's the most terrible smell I've ever smelled.' Then the teacher called the police."

The policeman didn't have far to come. He patrols the corridors of Sarah's school, Fulmore Middle in Austin, Texas. Like hundreds of schools in the state, and across large parts of the rest of the US, Fulmore Middle has its own police force with officers in uniform who carry guns to keep order in the canteens, playgrounds and lessons. Sarah was taken from class, charged with a criminal misdemeanour and ordered to appear in court.

Each day, hundreds of schoolchildren appear before courts in Texas charged with offences such as swearing, misbehaving on the school bus or getting in to a punch-up in the playground. Children have been arrested for possessing cigarettes, wearing "inappropriate" clothes and being late for school.

In 2010, the police gave close to 300,000 "Class C misdemeanour" tickets to children as young as six in Texas for offences in and out of school, which result in fines, community service and even prison time. What was once handled with a telling-off by the teacher or a call to parents can now result in arrest and a record that may cost a young person a place in college or a job years later.

"We've taken childhood behaviour and made it criminal," said Kady Simpkins, a lawyer who represented Sarah Bustamantes. "They're kids. Disruption of class? Every time I look at this law I think: good lord, I never would have made it in school in the US. I grew up in Australia and it's just rowdy there. I don't know how these kids do it, how they go to school every day without breaking these laws."

The British government is studying the American experience in dealing with gangs, unruly young people and juvenile justice in the wake of the riots in England. The UK's justice minister, Crispin Blunt, visited Texas last September to study juvenile courts and prisons, youth gangs and police outreach in schools, among other things. But his trip came at a time when Texas is reassessing its own reaction to fears of feral youth that critics say has created a "school-to-prison pipeline". The Texas supreme court chief justice, Wallace Jefferson, has warned that "charging kids with criminal offences for low-level behavioural issues" is helping to drive many of them to a life in jail.

The Texas state legislature last year changed the law to stop the issuing of tickets to 10- and 11-year-olds over classroom behaviour. (In the state, the age of criminal responsibility is 10.) But a broader bill to end the practice entirely – championed by a state senator, John Whitmire, who called the system "ridiculous" – failed to pass and cannot be considered again for another two years.

Even the federal government has waded in, with the US attorney general, Eric Holder, saying of criminal citations being used to maintain discipline in schools: "That is something that clearly has to stop."

As almost every parent of a child drawn in to the legal labyrinth by school policing observes, it wasn't this way when they were young.

The emphasis on law and order in the classroom parallels more than two decades of rapid expansion of all areas of policing in Texas in response to misplaced fears across the US in the 1980s of a looming crime wave stoked by the crack epidemic, alarmist academic studies and the media.

"It's very much tied in with some of the hyperbole around the rise in juvenile crime rate that took place back in the early 90s," said Deborah Fowler, deputy director of Texas Appleseed, an Austin legal rights group, and principal author of a 200-page study of the consequences of policing in Texas schools. "They ushered in tough, punitive policies. It was all part of the tough-on-crime movement."

Part of that included the passing of laws that made the US the only developed country to lock up children as young as 13 for life without the possibility of parole, often as accomplices to murders committed by an adult.

As the hand of law and order grew heavier across Texas, its grip also tightened on schools. The number of school districts in the state with police departments has risen more than 20-fold over the past two decades.

"Zero tolerance started out as a term that was used in combating drug trafficking and it became a term that is now used widely when you're referring to some very punitive school discipline measures. Those two policy worlds became conflated with each other," said Fowler.

In the midst of that drive came the 1999 Columbine high school massacre, in which two students in Colorado shot dead 12 other pupils and a teacher before killing themselves. Parents clamoured for someone to protect their children and police in schools seemed to many to be the answer.

But most schools do not face any serious threat of violence and police officers patrolling the corridors and canteens are largely confronted with little more than boisterous or disrespectful childhood behaviour.

"What we see often is a real overreaction to behaviour that others would generally think of as just childish misbehaviour rather than law breaking," said Fowler. Tickets are most frequently issued by school police for "disruption of class", which can mean causing problems during lessons but is also defined as disruptive behaviour within 500ft (150 metres) of school property such as shouting, which is classified as "making an unreasonable noise".

Among the more extreme cases documented by Appleseed is of a teacher who had a pupil arrested after the child responded to a question as to where a word could be found in a text by saying: "In your culo (arse)", making the other children laugh. Another pupil was arrested for throwing paper aeroplanes.

Students are also regularly fined for "disorderly behaviour", which includes playground scraps not serious enough to warrant an assault charge or for swearing or an offensive gesture. One teenage student was arrested and sent to court in Houston after he and his girlfriend poured milk on each other after they broke up. Nearly one third of tickets involve drugs or alcohol. Although a relatively high number of tickets – up to 20% in some school districts – involve charges over the use of weapons, mostly the weapons used were fists.

The very young are not spared. According to Appleseed, Texas records show more than 1,000 tickets were issued to primary schoolchildren over the past six years (although these have no legal force at that age). Appleseed said that "several districts ticketed a six-year-old at least once in the last five years".

Fines run up to $500. For poorer parents, the cost can be crippling. Some parents and students ignore the financial penalty, but that can have consequences years down the road. Schoolchildren with outstanding fines are regularly jailed in an adult prison for non-payment once they turn 17. Stumping up the fine is not an end to the offending student's problems either. A class-C misdemeanour is a criminal offence.

"Once you pay it, that's a guilty plea and that's on your record," said Simpkins. "In the US we have these astronomical college and university expenses and you go to fill out the application to get your federal aid for that and it says have you ever been arrested. And there you are, no aid."

In Austin, about 3% of the school district's 80,000 pupils were given criminal citations in the 2007/8 school year, the last date for which figures are available. But the chances of a teenager receiving a ticket in any given year are much higher than that because citations are generally issued to high-school pupils, not those in kindergarten or primary school.

The result, says the Appleseed report, is that "school-to-prison pipeline" in which a high proportion of children who receive tickets and end up in front of a court are arrested time and again because they are then marked out as troublemakers or find their future blighted by a criminal record.

From her perch on the bench in an Austin courtroom, Judge Jeanne Meurer has spent close on 30 years dealing with children hauled up for infractions, some serious, others minor. Some of the difficulties faced by teachers can be seen as Meurer decides whether a parade of children should be released to await trial or held in custody. Meurer switches between motherly and intimidating depending on what she makes of the child before her.

"Some of them are rough kids," she said. "I've been on the bench 30 years and you used to never have a child cuss you out like you do now. I appreciate the frustrations that adults have in dealing with children who seem to have no manners or respect. But these are our future. Shouldn't we find a tool to change that dynamic versus just arresting them in school and coming down with the hard criminal justice hammer?"

Many of those who appear in front of Meurer have learning problems. Children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of police in schools. Simpkins describes the case of a boy with attention deficit disorder who as a 12-year-old tipped a desk over in class in a rage. He was charged with threatening behaviour and sent to a juvenile prison where he was required to earn his release by meeting certain educational and behavioural standards.

"But he can't," she said. "Because of that he is turning 18 within the juvenile justice system for something that happened when he was 12. It's a real trap. A lot of these kids do have disabilities and that's how they end up there and can't get out. Instead of dealing with it within school system like we used to, we have these school police, they come in and it escalates from there."

Sometimes that escalation involves force. "We had one young man with an IQ well below 70 who was pepper-sprayed in the hallway because he didn't understand what the police were saying," said Simpkins. "After they pepper-sprayed him he started swinging his arms around in pain and he hit one of the police officers – it's on video, his eyes were shut – and they charged him with assault of a public servant. He was 16. He was charged with two counts of assault of a public servant and he is still awaiting trial. He could end up in prison."

Austin's school police department is well armed with officers carrying guns and pepper spray, and with dog units on call for sniffing out drugs and explosives.

According to the department's records, officers used force in schools more than 400 times in the five years to 2008, including incidents in which pepper spray was fired to break up a food fight in a canteen and guns were drawn on lippy students.

In recent months the questionable use of force has included the tasering of a 16-year-old boy at a high school in Seguin, Texas, after "he refused to cooperate" when asked why he wasn't wearing his school identification tag. He then used "abusive language". The police said that when an officer tried to arrest the boy, he attempted to bite the policeman. The youth was charged with resisting arrest and criminal trespass even though the school acknowledges he is a student and was legitimately on the grounds.

Such cases are not limited to Texas. In one notorious instance in California, a school security officer broke the arm of a girl he was arresting for failing to clear up crumbs after dropping cake in the school canteen. In another incident, University of Florida campus police tasered a student for pressing Senator John Kerry with an awkward question at a debate after he had been told to shut up.

Sometimes the force is deadly. Last week, Texas police were accused of overreacting in shooting dead a 15-year-old student, Jaime Gonzalez, at a school in Brownsville after he pointed an air gun, which resembled a real pistol, at them outside the principal's office. The boy's father, also called Jaime, said the police were too quick to shoot to kill when they could have wounded him or used another means to arrest him. "If they would have tased him all this wouldn't have happened," he told the Brownsville Herald. "Like people say there's been stand-offs with people that have hostages for hours … But here, they didn't even give I don't think five minutes. No negotiating." The police say Gonzalez defied orders to put the gun down.

Meurer says she is not against police in schools but questions whether officers should regard patrolling the playground the same way they go about addressing crime on the streets.

"When you start going overboard and using laws to control non-illegal behaviour – I mean if any adult did it it's not going to be a violation – that's where we start seeing a problem," she says. "You've gradually seen this morphing from schools taking care of their own environments to the police and security personnel, and all of a sudden it just became more and more that we were relying on law enforcement to control everyday behaviour."

Chief Brian Allen, head of the school police department for the Aldine district and president of the Texas school police chiefs' association, is having none of it.

"There's quite a substantial number of students that break the law. In Texas and in the US, if you're issued a ticket, it's not automatically that you're found guilty. You have an opportunity to go before the judge and plead your case. If you're a teacher and a kid that's twice as big as you comes up and hits you right in the face, what are you going to do? Are you going to use your skills that they taught you or are you going to call a police officer?"

But Allen concedes that the vast majority of incidents in which the police become involved are for offences that regarded as little more than misbehaviour elsewhere.

"Just like anything else, sometimes mistakes are made." he said. "Each circumstance is different and there's no set guideline. There's also something called officer discretion. If you take five auto mechanics and ask them to diagnose the problem of a vehicle, you'll come up with five different solutions. If you ask five different doctors to diagnose a patient, a lot of times you'll have five different diagnoses. Conversely, if you ask five different police officers if they would write a ticket or not for the same offence, you possibly have five different answers."

Parents who have been sucked into the system, such as Jennifer Rambo, the mother of Sarah Bustamantes, wonder what happened to teachers taking responsibility for school discipline.

"I was very upset at the teacher because the teacher could have just stopped it. She could have said: OK class, that's enough. She could have asked Sarah for her perfume and told her that's inappropriate, don't do that in class. But she did none of that. She called the police," she says.

Politicians and civil liberties groups have raised the same question, asking if schools are not using the police to shift responsibility, and accountability, for discipline.

"Teachers rely on the police to enforce discipline," says Simpkins. "Part of it is that they're not accountable. They're not going to get into trouble for it. The parent can't come in and yell at them. They say: it's not us, it's the police."

That view is not shared by an Austin teacher who declined to be named because he said he did not want to stigmatise the children in his class.

"There's this illusion that it's just a few kids acting up; kids being kids. This is not the 50s. Too many parents today don't control their children. Their fathers aren't around. They're in gangs. They come in to the classroom and they have no respect, no self-discipline. They're doing badly, they don't want to learn, they just want to disrupt. They can be very threatening," he says. "The police get called because that way the teacher can go on with teaching instead of wasting half the class dealing with one child, and it sends a message to the other kids."

The Texas State Teachers Association, the state's main teachers union, did not take a position on ticketing at the recent debate in the legislature over Whitmire's proposal to scrap it. But the association's Clay Robison says that most teachers welcome the presence of police in schools.

"Obviously it looks as if some police officers are overreacting at some schools. I'm a parent and I wouldn't want my 17-year-old son hauled in to court if he and another student got in to an argument in a cafeteria. Police officers need to exercise a little bit of common sense but the police are what they are. They enforce the law," he says. "At the same time, years ago, at a school in one of the better neighbourhoods of Austin, a teacher was shot to death in his classroom. It's still a very rare occurrence but it does happen. Anything that increases the security of the teacher is good so they don't have to worry about personal safety and they can concentrate on teaching the kids. We get complaints from some teachers that the police aren't aggressive enough at moving against some of the older juveniles, those that they feel actually do pose a danger to the teachers or the other students."

Because of Sarah Bustamentes's mental disorders, a disability rights group took up her case and after months of legal battles prosecutors dropped the charges. Ask her how she feels about police in schools after her experience and she's equivocal.

"We need police in school. In my school it can get physical and it can turn out very bad," she says. "But they should stop issuing tickets. Only for physical stuff or bullying. Not what you do in class

Wednesday 11 January day 2 of first blog

Today we are reviewing the News Grammar sheet number 1. If you are absent, make sure you get the correct responses from a someone taking Journalism. News Grammar 2 is being passed out today. The corrections will be given on Friday. Again, your mid-term - Monday 23 January in class- will in part consist of a selection from the two News Grammar handouts, as well as the Associated Press crime terms list, which was handed out in class yesterday.

In class, peruse the comments from yesterday and choose two to respond to. These should be a minimum of 100 words each. These are due by 9 am tomorrow.

The initial post is closed.

Saturday, January 7, 2012

Tuesday 10 January First Article to blog

Post on the blog your 200 word response to the following, as per yesterday's instructions. Make sure you identify yourself. This is due before class tomorrow. It is worth 100 points. (remember: reason and decorum! Everyone in all three Journalism classess will be reading these.

Crime terms are being handed out in class today. Make sure to get a copy.
New Zealand sees no Justice in quirky baby names
Name among those most commonly refused by registrars in the past 10 years along with Lucifer, King, Princess and Prince





guardian.co.uk, Friday 6 January 2012 18.39 GMT




Under New Zealand law babies’ names cannot be offensive, too long or contain religious references. Photograph: Cristian Baitg/Getty Images
You can perhaps understand why officials in
New Zealand might think that naming a newborn baby Lucifer is not giving it the fairest start in life. But why, as new statistics show, did they prevent 49 sets of parents from calling their child Justice, a not uncommon name in parts of Africa?
Justice was the name most often refused by New Zealand registrars in the 10 years to last June, the country's department for internal affairs said. Next on the list came Princess, with 24 thwarted attempts, King (21) and Prince (20).
Under New Zealand law babies' names cannot be offensive, too long – 100 characters is the limit – or contain religious references, which put paid to six planned little Lucifers. They are also not allowed to be self-declared titles, a clause which accounted for the Justices, lest they be confused for real judges, as well as the mini-royals. The rule also covers spelling variants, meaning Justus and Juztice were also turned down.
The only other rule breached in the top 10 was that on single-letter names – six parents chose J.
Further down the list, which was released alongside
a far more sober roundup of most popular registered children's names during 2011 – Liam for boys, Ruby for girls – the ideas become even more unexpected.
Three parents chose Messiah, six lots of Roman numeral fans tried I, II or III, while one each opted for an asterisk symbol, a full stop and a "/" symbol, and one baby girl avoided being landed with Queen Victoria.
Even luckier escapes were in store for youngsters otherwise facing a life explaining that their names really are Mafia No Fear, V8, Anal or 89.
Ross McPherson, deputy registrar general for the internal affairs department, said no specific names were banned, even if officials might feel they are potentially embarrassing for the child.
"In general terms, people can register whatever names they like for their children. However, some rules do apply," McPherson said. "A name can be rejected if it might cause offence to a reasonable person, or if it is, includes or resembles an official rank or title, or if it is unreasonably long. So, one couldn't, for example, register a swear word as a name for their child or couldn't, without adequate justification, register a name of Justice, Colonel or Royal."
Some parents, it seems, are devising ever-more cunning ways to express their views. Despite debate over whether it should be permitted, 84 babies were registered last year as Nevaeh, or heaven spelled in reverse, making it the 45th most popular girls' name.
The issue of unusual names created headlines in 2008 when a New Zealand judge
placed a nine-year-old girl in court guardianship so she could change her name from Talula Does the Hula From Hawaii. In a potential lesson to similarly minded parents, the court heard how the girl told people her name was K to avoid being teased.
The judge, Rob Murfitt, cited a series of other blocked names – which never made the official statistics and were thus presumably barred at an earlier stage – including Sex Fruit, Keenan Got Lucy and Yeah Detroit.

Monday 9 January blogging


New ASSIGNMENT: Blogging There is a lot of information. Please take the time and read.

Blogging emerged in the late 1990s, coinciding with the advent of web publishing tools that facilitated the posting of content by non-technical users.Blogs are usually the work of a single individual, occasionally of a small group, and often are themed on a single subject. (Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.)

Although not a must, most good quality blogs are interactive, allowing visitors to leave comments and even message each other on the blogs; it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites. In that sense, blogging can be seen as a form of social networking. Indeed, bloggers do not only produce content to post on their blogs but also build social relations with their readers and other bloggers.

MECHANICS

We have two weeks left in this term and will spend it blogging. What this will entail is that every couple of days, you will have an article prompt to which you will respond. These responses should be subjective, much as one would write an editorial; however, they should not be diatribes, but insightful, reflective observations. At the same time, again like an editorial, there will be some controversy. Not everyone will have the same reaction.

1. Read the article.
2. Respond and post your postion / obsevation / reflection. (You might want to check your information.) Your initial response should be no fewer than 200 words. While the tone may be more conversational, you should adhere to correct standards of grammar, punctuation and spelling. This gives much more credence to what you say. As well, it will be noted in the grading.
3. Now read some of your classmates' responses and respond to at least two of these. Again, these are not attacks, but thoughtful reflections and observations. Also, you may want to do a little background reading to support your position.

4. Grading: For each article- and the two responses of a minimum of 100 words- you receive 100 points. New articles will be posted every other day. Make sure that you have identified yourself clearly on the blog, so that you receive the appropriate credit. As this is on line, you won't have any difficulties completing this whether or not you are in class.




Reiteration: read the article I post. It will be somewhat controversial. I will put up a new one every othe day. Respond to the article in a minimum of 200 words. Post it on the blog, beginning with ....says:....Now read two responses from other students. These can be from any of the Journalism classes and respond to what he or she has said. You do not have to agree with anyone, but you must at all times remain respectful and professional.





I will grade every day. For each article I post, you will receive a grade for your initial response (minimum 200 words) and the two responses you make to your peers. That makes two grades for each article. Stay on task. After a new article is posted, it will be considered closed, and you will have a zero for that particular post.

To begin today read the following as an example; the first article that you will respond to will be posted tomorrow.





The Huffington Post (often referred to on the Internet as HuffPo) is a politically-progressive online news website and aggregated weblog founded by Arianna Huffington and Kenneth Lerer, featuring hyperlinks to various news sources and columnists. The Huffington Post was launched on May 9, 2005 as a news and commentary outlet. Its roster of bloggers includes many people from Arianna Huffington's extensive network of prominent friends. As of August 8, 2006 it was the 5th most popular weblog overall as measured by web links.

Read the first article on the attempted assassination (correct term) in Arizona. Then take a look at a couple of Huffington Post's blog resposes.

Gabrielle Giffords Shot: Congresswoman Shot In Arizona The Huffington Post/AP First Posted:
01- 8-11 01:14 PM Updated: 01- 9-11 03:17 AM

The assassination attempt left Giffords in critical condition -- the bullet went straight through her brain -- but the hospital said her outlook was "optimistic" and that she was responding to commands from doctors. The hospital said a 9-year-old child was among the killed, and a U.S. Marshal said a federal judge was also fatally shot in the attack.Gifford's spokesman C.J. Karamargin said three Giffords staffers were shot in the attack. One died, and the other two are expected to survive. Gabe Zimmerman, a former social worker who served as Giffords' director of community outreach, died.

Giffords, 40, is a moderate Democrat who narrowly won re-election in November against a tea party candidate who sought to throw her from office over her support of the health care law. Anger over her position became violent at times, with her Tucson office vandalized after the House passed the overhaul last March and someone showing up at a recent gathering with a weapon.

Police say the shooter was in custody, and was identified by people familiar with the investigation as Jared Lee Loughner, 22. U.S. officials who provided his name to the AP spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to release it publicly.It's still not clear if Loughner had the health care debate in mind or was focused on his own unique set of political beliefs, many outlined in rambling videos and postings on the Internet.

Pima County Sheriff Clarence Dupnik described the gunman as mentally unstable and possibly acting with an accomplice. He said Giffords was among 13 people wounded in the melee that killed six people, including a 9-year-old girl, an aide for the Democratic lawmaker and U.S. District Judge John Roll, who had just stopped by to see his friend Giffords after celebrating Mass. Dupnik said the rampage ended only after two people tackled the gunman.

The sheriff blamed the vitriolic political rhetoric that has consumed the country, much of it centered in Arizona."When you look at unbalanced people, how they respond to the vitriol that comes out of certain mouths about tearing down the government. The anger, the hatred, the bigotry that goes on in this country is getting to be outrageous," he said. "And unfortunately, Arizona, I think, has become the capital. We have become the mecca for prejudice and bigotry."

Giffords expressed similar concern, even before the shooting. In an interview after her office was vandalized, she referred to the animosity against her by conservatives, including Sarah Palin's decision to list Giffords' seat as one of the top "targets" in the midterm elections." For example, we're on Sarah Palin's targeted list, but the thing is, that the way that she has it depicted has the crosshairs of a gun sight over our district. When people do that, they have to realize that there are consequences to that action," Giffords said in an interview with MSNBC.

In the hours after the shooting, Palin issued a statement in which she expressed her "sincere condolences" to the family of Giffords and the other victims.During his campaign effort to unseat Giffords in November, Republican challenger Jesse Kelly held fundraisers where he urged supporters to help remove Giffords from office by joining him to shoot a fully loaded M-16 rifle. Kelly is a former Marine who served in Iraq and was pictured on his website in military gear holding his automatic weapon and promoting the event." I don't see the connection," between the fundraisers featuring weapons and Saturday's shooting, said John Ellinwood, Kelly's spokesman. "I don't know this person, we cannot find any records that he was associated with the campaign in any way. I just don't see the connection."

Arizona is a state where people are firearms owners - this was just a deranged individual." Law enforcement officials said members of Congress reported 42 cases of threats or violence in the first three months of 2010, nearly three times the 15 cases reported during the same period a year earlier. Nearly all dealt with the health care bill, and Giffords was among the targets. A 19-year-old volunteer at the event, Alex Villec, described how the violence unfolded.Villec, a former staffer for the congresswoman, told The Associated Press that the man who later turned out to be the suspect arrived at the event wearing a black cap and baggy pants and asking for the congresswoman." I told him ... she'll be more than happy to talk to you as your turn comes," Villec said. The man walked away, but returned just minutes later and burst through a table separating Villec and Giffords from the public. Villec said he saw him raise an arm, and then he heard gunfire.The gunman fired at Giffords and her district director and started shooting indiscriminately at staffers and others standing in line to talk to the congresswoman, said Mark Kimball, a communications staffer for Giffords."He was not more than three or four feet from the congresswoman and the district director," he said, describing the scene as "just complete chaos, people screaming, crying."

The shooting cast a pall over the Capitol as politicians of all stripes denounced the attack as a horrific. Capitol police asked members of Congress to be more vigilant about security in the wake of the shooting. Obama dispatched his FBI chief to Arizona.Giffords, known as "Gabby," tweeted shortly before the shooting, describing her "Congress on Your Corner" event: "My 1st Congress on Your Corner starts now. Please stop by to let me know what is on your mind or tweet me later.""It's not surprising that today Gabby was doing what she always does, listening to the hopes and concerns of her neighbors," Obama said. "That is the essence of what our democracy is about. That is why this is more than a tragedy for those involved. It is a tragedy for Arizona and a tragedy for our entire country."

Doctors were optimistic about Giffords surviving as she was responding to commands from doctors. "With guarded optimism, I hope she will survive, but this is a very devastating wound," said Dr. Richard Carmona, the former surgeon general who lives in Tucson.Giffords spokesman C.J. Karamargin said besides the aide Zimmerman, who was killed, two other Giffords staffers were shot but expected to survive. Zimmerman was a former social worker who served as Giffords' director of community outreach. Giffords had worked with the judge in the past to line up funding to build a new courthouse in Yuma, and Obama hailed him for his nearly 40 years of service. Greg Segalini, an uncle of Christina, the 9-year-old victim, told the Arizona Republic that a neighbor was going to the event and invited her along because she had just been elected to the student council and was interested in government.Christina, who was born on Sept. 11, 2001, was involved in many activities, from ballet to baseball. She had just received her first Holy Communion at St. Odilia's Catholic Church on in Tucson, Catholic Diocese of Tucson officials told The Arizona Daily Star.

In the evening, more than 100 people attended a candlelight vigil outside Giffords' headquarters, where authorities investigated a suspicious package that turned out to be non-explosive. The suspect Loughner was described by a former classmate as a pot-smoking loner, and the Army said he tried to enlist in December 2008 but was rejected for reasons not disclosed.Federal law enforcement officials were poring over versions of a MySpace page that included a mysterious "Goodbye friends" message published hours before the shooting and exhorted his friends to "Please don't be mad at me." In one of several Youtube videos, which featured text against a dark background, Loughner described inventing a new U.S. currency and complained about the illiteracy rate among people living in Giffords' congressional district in Arizona."I know who's listening: Government Officials, and the People," Loughner wrote. "Nearly all the people, who don't know this accurate information of a new currency, aren't aware of mind control and brainwash methods. If I have my civil rights, then this message wouldn't have happen (sic)."

In Loughner's middle-class neighborhood - about a five-minute drive from the scene - sheriff's deputies had much of the street blocked off. The neighborhood sits just off a bustling Tucson street and is lined with desert landscaping and palm trees. Neighbors said Loughner lived with his parents and kept to himself. He was often seen walking his dog, almost always wearing a hooded sweat shirt and listening to his iPod. Loughner's MySpace profile indicates he attended and graduated from school in Tucson and had taken college classes. He did not say if he was employed."We're getting out of here. We are freaked out," 33-year-old David Cleveland, who lives a few doors down from Loughner's house, told The Associated Press.Cleveland said he was taking his wife and children, ages 5 and 7, to her parent's home when they heard about the shooting."When we heard about it, we just got sick to our stomachs," Cleveland said. "We just wanted to hold our kids tight."High school classmate Grant Wiens, 22, said Loughner seemed to be "floating through life" and "doing his own thing." "Sometimes religion was brought up or drugs. He smoked pot, I don't know how regularly. And he wasn't too keen on religion, from what I could tell," Wiens said. Lynda Sorenson said she took a math class with Loughner last summer at Pima Community College's Northwest campus and told the Arizona Daily Star he was "obviously very disturbed." "He disrupted class frequently with nonsensical outbursts," she said.
In October 2007, Loughner was cited in Pima County for possession of drug paraphernalia, which was dismissed after he completed a diversion program, according to online records."He has kind of a troubled past, I can tell you that," Dupnik said.

Giffords was first elected to Congress amid a wave of Democratic victories in the 2006 election, and has been mentioned as a possible Senate candidate in 2012 and a gubernatorial prospect in 2014. She is married to astronaut Mark E. Kelly, who has piloted space shuttles Endeavour and Discovery. The two met in China in 2003 while they were serving on a committee there, and were married in January 2007. Sen. Bill Nelson, chairman of the Senate Commerce Space and Science Subcommittee, said Kelly is training to be the next commander of the space shuttle mission slated for April. His brother is currently serving aboard the International Space Station, Nelson said. Giffords is known in her southern Arizona district for her numerous public outreach meetings, which she acknowledged in an October interview with The Associated Press can sometimes be challenging."You know, the crazies on all sides, the people who come out, the planet earth people," she said with a following an appearance with Adm. Mike Mullen in which the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was peppered with bizarre questions from an audience member. "I'm glad this just doesn't happen to me."


Now here are two blog reactions. This is the writing and analysis level you should be aiming for.

reaction 1: By Howard Fineman, senior political editor WASHINGTON -- We don't yet know the extent to which the Tucson murders were about politics per se, though the alleged killer apparently did deliberately target a member of Congress. But violent national tragedies such as this one can profoundly affect the temper of the times--and the fate of the presidents who are in office when they happen.The most vivid and obvious occurred almost a decade ago, when Al Qaeda attacked on September 11, 2001. President George W. Bush, his presidency until that point largely adrift, spoke amid the rubble of the World Trade Center four days later.He made many mistakes thereafter. We are living with the consequences of them. But it is hard not to conclude that his bullhorn moment in New York--capturing Bush at his ardent best--all but insured his re-election three years later.Bill Clinton had an analogous moment. In the spring of 1995, he was being widely dismissed as a political irrelevancy. Newt Gingrich had swept into power with an anti-federal agenda that dominated Washington.But then, on April 19 of that year, Timothy McVeigh blew up the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing 168, including 19 children under the age of six. Horrifyingly vivid pictures of infants being carried from the rubble were broadcast worldwide.Clinton's political resurrection began four days later. It had nothing to do with McVeigh, a former soldier who had taken a murderous turn from anti-authoritarianism to racist paranoia. The president was careful, as well he should have been, to avoid suggesting any link between his political foes and the event.Rather, in a short but eloquent address--now regarded as a classic of modern presidential rhetoric--he recalled his own roots in nearby Arkansas, invoked God and the Bible, and called not only for justice but also for tolerance, forbearance and love.Second blog example.

Response 2 by Gary Hart, Scholar in Residence at the University of Colorado.

Gradually, over time, political rhetoric used by politicians and the media has become more inflamatory. The degree to which violent words and phrases are considered commonplace is striking. Candidates are "targeted". An opponent is "in the crosshairs". Liberals have to be"eliminated". Opponents are "enemies". This kind of language eminates largely from those who claim to defend American democracy against those who would destroy it, who are evil, and who want to "take away our freedoms".Today we have seen the results of this rhetoric. Those with a megaphone, whether provided by public office or a media outlet, have responsibilities. They cannot avoid the consequences of their blatant efforts to inflame, anger, and outrage. We all know that there are unstable and potentially dangerous people among us. To repeatedly appeal to their basest instincts is to invite and welcome their predictable violence.So long as we all tolerate this kind of irresponsible and dangerous rhetoric or, in the case of some commentators, treat it with delight, reward it, and consider it cute, so long will we place all those in public life, whom the provocateurs dislike, in the crosshairs of danger.That this is carried out, and often rewarded, in the name of the Constitution, democratic rights and liberties, and patriotism is a mockery of all this nation claims to believe and almost all of us continue to struggle to preserve. America is better than this.



Did you get here? Now midterm information


The Journalism midterm will take place in class on MONDAY 23 January. It will consist of grammar and crime terms, both of which you will be able to prepare for completely, as you'll have the answers ahead of time. Be mindful that this is 25% of this marking periods grade. I am passing out the crime terms today and the first of two news grammar practices. Please complete the news grammar by Wednesday, when I will go over these with you, so you'll be able to check your responses.


Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Tuesday 2 January obituaries









New Year, New Beginnings, a time of transitions. A common story in the news at the end of the year is remarking upon those who have passed. On that note, we are looking at obituaries, how they are written and how you might imagine your own.



By the way, the slang term for an obituary is the Irish Sports Page.



Please read the following, so as to understand the tone and substance of a well-written obituary, as well as the expectations of your own. The assignment follows.


Writing obits. For generations, the journalism culture demanded that young reporters cut their teeth on obituary stories – “writing obits,” we would say. The think


ing was that obituaries were easy to write and possibly not very interesting or important. Today, in many newspapers (except for the larger ones), the obit story has been relegated to a classified advertisement. But writing obits is important work. It always has been. Bert Barnes spent 20 years at the Washington Post writing obituaries before retiring in March 2004. He has written an article for the Post about his experiences on the obit desk.




In it he says: I loved that work. It taught me that even in the monotony of the daily grind, life could be funny and beautiful, surprising and strange. Death is no big deal if you don't love life. I only wish I could have met more of the people I wrote about.






One of the first exercises I had in a beginning news writing class in college was to write my own obituary. All of us in the class had to do that, and we had a lot of fun with it. I remember trying to figure out who the pallbearers would be. I still think that’s a good assignment for a beginning student because they have all the information available without having to interview anyone or look anything up.




Please read the following obituary eamples. Note what aspects of the life are covered and how the notable individual is even quoted.




Sir John Mortimer, who has died aged 85, was a celebrated barrister, author and raconteur. He often used his legal exploits to fuel his writing, and his most famous courtroom creation was Rumpole of the Bailey."I was raised , educated and clothed almost entirely on the proceeds of cruelty, adultery and neglect," he said of his upbringing as the son of a successful divorce lawyer.Sir John's prodigious career was shaped by two events at a young age. His father lost his eyesight, and it became the youngster's duty to describe the world and keep his blind father entertained.His father made it clear he expected his only son to take over his legal practice, and so Sir John began a career in law, later becoming a Queen's Counsel.




He first came to the public eye when he successfully defended Oz magazine against charges of obscenity in 1971.He had already acted for Penguin Books when they published Lady Chatterley's Lover by DH Lawrence. Later, he successfully defended the Sex Pistols when their Never Mind The Bollocks, Here's The Sex Pistols album resulted in an attempted prosecution.Permissive societySir John became a beacon for the permissive society, but also defended high moral standards. "Liberty is allowing people to do things you disapprove of," he said.




Already the author of several plays and novels, Sir John wrote Voyage Round My Father in 1971. A loose set of anecdotes about his childhood and late father, the play was later adapted into a successful television film starring Laurence Olivier.Two instalments of autobiography, Clinging to the Wreckage and Murderers and other Friends, followed.Displaying his offbeat view of life, Sir John revealed in the latter how he found murderers "really the most relaxed people" he had come across."Generally, they had disposed of the one person that was irritating them," he said.Sir John rose at 5am each morning to write, and his prodigious workload brought him success in many fields.




As well as the adaptation of Voyage Round my Father, he brought his own novels Summer's Lease and Paradise Postponed to television.'Breakfast with a fraudster'In 1981, he translated Evelyn Waugh's classic novel Brideshead Revisited into a phenomenally successful television series, and wrote the film screenplay of the 1999 film Tea with Mussolini.A celebrated member of the literati and one-time chairman of the Royal Court, Sir John led a self-professed double life for many years.He described a typical day as "breakfast with a fraudster, down to the cells to see a murderer, and off to rehearsals at the end of the day".




When he left the Bar, Sir John channelled his adversarial energy into his character, Rumpole of the Bailey, portrayed on screen by Leo McKern.After making its debut as a BBC television play in 1975, Rumpole became an ITV series in 1978 and brought its creator fame across the world. In 1980 it was adapted for radio with Maurice Denham in the lead role, with Timothy West picking up the part in 2003.




Sir John was the quintessential champagne socialist, a champion for reform and permissiveness, who nevertheless lived in the wealthy Chilterns and backed the monarchy and fox-hunting.Despite failing health, he remained active well into later life, attending the February 2008 launch of his play, Legal Fictions, in a wheelchair.He told The Times: "One of my weaknesses is that I like to start the day with a glass of champagne before breakfast.




When I mentioned that on a radio show once, I was asked if I had taken counselling for it."Large and idiosyncraticHe remained disappointed by the modern Labour Party, saying, "we don't ask for much, but it would be nice to have a spoonful of socialism".




He was married twice, the first time to author Penelope Mortimer. After their marriage collapsed, her autobiography detailed infidelities and rows.Sir John would say only that "marriage between two writers is always difficult".His second wife, Penny, was a model booker when he met her, and 23 years his junior. Sir John was able to explore this true life theme of age difference in his novel The Sound of Trumpets.




Although he constantly borrowed from his life to enhance his writing, he remained as large and idiosyncratic as any character he created.In his novel, Felix in the Underworld, the book's central accusation is that the novelist expects others to live out dramatic moments for him.From the clapboard home of his childhood to the wooden benches of the High Court, the same could not be said of Sir John Mortimer.
















Steven P. Jobs, the visionary co-founder and former chief executive of the technology company Apple Inc., died on Oct. 5, 2011. He was 56.
Apple said in a press release that it was “deeply saddened” to announce that Mr. Jobs had died. “Steve’s brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives,” the company said. “The world is immeasurably better because of Steve.”
In August, the company announced that Mr. Jobs, who had battled cancer for several years, was stepping down as chief executive but would serve as chairman. Apple named
Timothy D. Cook, its chief operating officer, to succeed Mr. Jobs as chief executive. Mr. Jobs became chairman, a position that did not exist previously.
In January, Mr. Jobs took a medical leave of absence from Apple, his third. Mr. Jobs had seemed to recover from pancreatic cancer after surgery in 2004, and received a liver transplant in 2009.
He made a surprise appearance in March to introduce the company’s new version of the iPad. After he was greeted by a standing ovation, Mr. Jobs alluded to his leave but did not say whether he was planning to return to the company. “We’ve been working on this product for a while and I didn’t want to miss today,” he said.
In June, in his last public appearance before stepping down, Mr. Jobs presented the company’s new online storage and syncing service,
iCloud.
Perhaps more than any other chief executive, Mr. Jobs was seen as inseparable from his company’s success. The company has outflanked most of its rivals in the technology industry with the iPhone and the iPad, which have been blockbuster hits with consumers.


At Apple, a creativity factory, there was a strong link between the ultimate design-team leader, Mr. Jobs, and the products. From computers to smartphones, Apple products are known for being stylish, powerful and pleasing to use. They are edited products that cut through complexity, by consciously leaving things out — not cramming every feature that came into an engineer’s head, an affliction known as “featuritis” that burdens so many technology products.
That restraint was evident in Mr. Jobs’s personal taste. His black turtleneck, beltless blue jeans and running shoes gave him a signature look. In his Palo Alto, Calif., home years ago, he said that he preferred uncluttered, spare interiors and explained the elegant craftsmanship of the simple wooden chairs in his living room, made by George Nakashima, the 20th-century furniture designer and father of the American craft movement.
Great products, Mr. Jobs said, are triumphs of “taste.” And taste, he said, is a byproduct of study, observation and being steeped in the culture of the past and present, of “trying to expose yourself to the best things humans have done and then bring those things into what you are doing.”
His product-design philosophy was not steered by committee or determined by market research. The Jobs formula, according to colleagues, relied heavily on tenacity, patience, belief and instinct. He became deeply involved in hardware and software design choices, which awaited his personal nod or veto.
Mr. Jobs, of course, was one member of a large team at Apple, even if he was the leader. Indeed, he often described his role as a team leader. In choosing key members of his team, he looked for the multiplier factor of excellence. Truly outstanding designers, engineers and managers, he said, are not just 10 percent, 20 percent or 30 percent better than merely very good ones, but 10 times better. Their contributions, he added, are the raw material of “aha” products, which make users rethink their notions of, say, a music player or cellphone.
Mr. Jobs undeniably proved himself a gifted marketer and showman, but also a skilled listener to the technology. He called this “tracking vectors in technology over time,” to judge when an intriguing innovation is ready for the marketplace. Technical progress, affordable pricing and consumer demand all must jell to produce a blockbuster product.
The Early Years
Mr. Jobs founded Apple in Cupertino, Calif., in 1976 with Steve Wozniak, and built an early reputation for the company with the Apple II computer. After the Macintosh was introduced in 1984, the company’s business stalled, and Mr. Jobs’s relationship with John Sculley, then Apple’s chief executive, soured. Their conflict ended with Mr. Jobs’s departure from Apple in 1985. The following year, with a small group of Apple employees, he founded NeXt Computer, which ultimately focused on the corporate computing market, without notable success. In 1986, he bought the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Inc. and re-established it as the independent animation studio Pixar.
A decade later he sold the NeXt operating system to Apple and returned to the company. In short order he was again at the helm and set out to modernize the company’s computers.
After he returned to Apple in late 1996, Mr. Jobs became the product team leader, taste arbiter and public face of a company that has been a stylish breath of fresh air in the personal computer business. With the introduction of the iPod, iTunes, iPhone and iPad, Apple has shaken up the music and cellphone industries. Mr. Jobs was long known for his intense focus on product design and marketing, but after Apple introduced the iPod digital music player in 2001, he also came to exemplify what is hip across many American and international cultures, in areas from business to music.
Following His Own Path
Mr. Jobs’ instinct to heed his own counsel did not always serve him well. When he was diagnosed with a rare form of pancreatic cancer in October 2003, his early decision to put off surgery and rely instead on fruit juices, acupuncture, herbal remedies and other treatments — some of which he found on the Internet —
infuriated and distressed his family, friends and physicians, according to a biography of Mr. Jobs by Walter Isaacson (“Steve Jobs” by Walter Isaacson; Simon & Schuster; $35). By the time Mr. Jobs underwent surgery in July 2004, the cancer had spread beyond the pancreas.
When he did take the path of surgery and science, Mr. Jobs did so with passion and curiosity, sparing no expense, pushing the frontiers of new treatments. Mr. Isaacson said that once Mr. Jobs decided on the surgery and medical science, he became an expert — studying, guiding and deciding on each treatment.
According to Mr. Isaacson, Mr. Jobs was one of 20 people in the world to have all the genes of his cancer tumor and his normal DNA sequenced. The price tag at the time: $100,000.
The DNA sequencing that Mr. Jobs ultimately went through was done by a collaboration of teams at Stanford, Johns Hopkins, Harvard and the Broad Institute of MIT. The sequencing, Mr. Isaacson wrote, allowed doctors to better tailor drugs and target them to the defective molecular pathways



Your assignment: Writing your own obituary.



Your life was signicant. That does not mean it has to be a fantasy, but clearly deserves 400 words. Flesh it out; make it real.


DUE FRIDAY 6 January by the end of class. E-mail. Thank you.